admingw 发表于 2018-12-22 14:37:46

2020考研英语基础提升:20种常见的修辞手法

1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比,这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。例如:1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog. 我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷,就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。2.metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。例如:1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读,另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读;很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。3.metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。(1)以容器代替内容。例如:1)The kettle boils. 水开了。2)The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。(2)以资料、工具代替事物的名称。例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。(3)以作者代替作品。例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集(4)以具体事物代替抽象概念。例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。4.synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。例如:(1)There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人。(2)He is the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿。(3)The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。5.synesthesia 通感、联觉、移觉这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物。例如:(1)The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。(2)Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐。6.personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。例如:(1)The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads. 夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑。(2)I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 我很开心,似乎听到了林中唱歌的鸟儿。7.hyperbole 夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势,增加表达效果。例如:(1)I beg a thousand pardons. 我千百次地祈求宽恕(2)Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.我爱你。你对我而言如同全世界,如同夜空中的星月一般圣洁。(3)When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个噩耗,眼泪像绝了堤的洪水,滚落下来。8.rhetorical repetition 叠言这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。例如:(1)It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。(2)Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。9.euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉、文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。例如:(1)He is out visiting the necessary.  他出去方便一下。(2)His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.  他与妻子关系不融洽。10.allegory 讽喻、比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。例如:(1) Make the hay while the sun shines. 良机勿失。(在有太阳的时候晒草--制作饲料的干草)(2)It's time to turn plough into sword. 到了该努力的时候了。11.irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失、错误时、用赞同过失的说法;而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法。例如:(1)It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上不知道几点钟确实是一种好习惯!(反语)(2)"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. " The waiter said to the beggar.作者对乞丐说,当然,你只收大钞,所以没零钱啦。12.pun 双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义、借题发挥、作出多种解释、旁敲侧击从而达到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形、词意和谐音的方式出现。例如:(1)An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.大使是一个诚实的人,他只骗外国人说自己国家多么多么好。(2) If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately. 如果我们不团结,就上吊去吧。(注意两个hang意思不一样)13.parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言、警句、谚语,改动其中部分词语从而使其产生新意的修辞。例如:(1)Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.罗马不是一天建成的,但也不是一年内建成的。(暗指需要更长时间的努力)(2)A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.虽然说“患难见真情”,但是一个真的处于患难中的朋友,是为众人避而远之的。14.rhetorical question 修辞疑问它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果。其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。例如:(1)How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?我们在树林里走了1个小时连根毛都没看见!(2)Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 难道我们应该让谣言继续传播下去吗?15.antithesis 对照、对比、对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。例如:(1)Not that I love Caesar less, but I love Rome more.不是我不喜欢凯撒,而是我更喜欢罗马。(莎士比亚《凯撒大帝》中普鲁斯特的名言)(2)You are staying; I am going. 你留,我走。(3)Give me liberty, or give me death. 要么给我自由,要么让我死。16. paradox 隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法。例如:(1)More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。(2)The child is the father of a man.  儿童是成人致富。(来自于英国诗人Wordsworth的诗《My heart leaps up我心雀跃》)17.oxymoron  反意法、逆喻这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。往往这样的句子写出来具有很震撼的效果。例如:(1)No light, but rather darkness visible. 没有光,但有看得见的黑暗。(2)The state of this house is cheerless welcome. 这座房子无精打采地迎接着客人。18.climax 渐进法,层进法这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小、轻重、深浅、高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点。功能:可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象。例如:1. I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.  真的真的真的很抱歉2. Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.看不到、听不到,没有什么可以触碰到他那颗石头般的心。19.anticlimax 渐降法与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小、由强到弱地排列。例如:(1)On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.他胸口别着勋章,腰里插着抱歉,脚上套着一双靴子。(2)The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.士兵的职责就是保卫国家和削土豆皮。(形容战士)20.alliteration 押头韵头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力。例如:Nobody can go from rags to riches without efforts.  没有人能够不通过努力就发家致富的。

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