例句： When school was over, Jack and me went home together.
分析： me应改为I，因为它处在主语的位置上。
译文：Jack和我在放学后一起回家。
例句： Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect. (1996年第14题)
分析： 该句是复合句，其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句，he指代前面的a person。
译文： 一个人吸的每一支烟都对他的身体有害，最终他将因吸烟患上一种严重的疾病。
(二) it的用法
1. 代替除人以外的一切生物或事物(可代替单个词、词组或句子)。
例句： The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes. (2000年第19题)
分析： 该句是复合句，其中he composes是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰the moment, 而almost as much as the composer作状语修饰enjoys。
例句： You have saved my life and I will never forget it.
分析： it指you have saved my life。
译文： 你曾经挽救过我的生命，我决不会忘记这件事。
2. 表示时间、距离、天气等自然现象。
例句： It is time now to tell the Americans they are on the wrong track.
译文： 现在是时候告诉美国人他们走错路了。
例句： She didn't come back until it was 12:00.
译文： 直到12点她才回来。
例句： It is about 50 miles to school.
译文： 到学校大概50英里。
3. 作形式主语(真正的主语为动名词、不定式或主语从句)
例句： But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress free, happiness enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience. (选自2011年Text 4)
分析： 该句是复合句。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to wonder if the images aren't contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience;we see every week of stress free, happiness enhancing parenthood是一个定语从句，修饰the images;介词短语in some small, subconscious way作状语，表示方式。
例句： In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. (2007年第49题)
分析： 该句是复合句。it是形式主语，定语从句who do not have a clear grasp...Constitution修饰journalists，can do是宾语从句how...的谓语部分。
译文： 事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。
4. 作形式宾语
例句： The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. (选自2011年Text 2)
分析： 该句是简单句。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to be between jobs or to leave a bad one，more acceptable作宾语补足语。
译文： 金融危机已经使得等待工作机会或者辞去糟糕的工作这种行为更容易被人接受了。
例句： There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does. (1998年第7题)
分析： 该句是简单句。no matter what he does在句中作状语，表示让步，分词短语making...作over 100 night schools的补足语。
译文： 这个城市有100多所夜校，这使得专业人员无论从事什么工作都有可能接受再教育。
5. 引出强调句(强调谓语以外的其他成分)
用强调句型： It is/was+被强调部分+that(who/whom/which)+其他部分，被强调部分常为主语(从句)、宾语(从句)、状语(从句)，强调状语时不能用when或where，要用that，翻译成汉语时被强调部分常用“是”、“正是”等来表示强调含义。判断是不是强调句的标准是去掉“it is/was”和“that(who/whom/which)”，如果余下部分是一个完整的句子，说明原句是一个强调句，否则就是一个由it作形式主语的句子。
例句： It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. (选自2002年Use of English)
分析： 该句是复合句。分词短语beginning with...作主语the communications revolution的补足语，该强调句强调状语during the same time。
例句： Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. (选自1998年Text 1)
分析： 该句是简单句。句子主干为humankind's long suffering...makes...so fascinating。其中短语at the mercy of...意为“听凭……摆布，完全受……支配”。
例句： In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for additions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problems. (选自2006年Part B)
例句： Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. (1996年第31题)
分析： 该句是由but引导的并列句。
译文： 在意识形态中，语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的，但事实上它们是不可分割的。
例句： In Europe, as elsewhere, multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. (2005年第47题)
分析： 该句是复合句。句子主干为multi?media groups have been increasingly successful groups。定语从句which bring together...修饰groups，其中television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses作bring的宾语，即bring...together, 另一个定语从句that work in relation to one another修饰其前面的几个名词。
例句： In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
分析： 该句是并列句。
译文： 过去林业工人多半是男人，可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。
例句： We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62题)
分析： 该句是复合句，主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句，定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples，as引导的句子可以看做插入语，补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
例句： His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47题)
分析： 该句是复合句，主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge，介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语，用来说明reveal的方式，另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。
译文： 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任： 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。
例句： These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
译文： 这些束花比昨天我们买的那些花漂亮多了。
(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语
例句： Such is what you want me to do.
Such are the meanings of authentic love.
(such作表语时，往往置于句首)
注意： such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。
(四)指示代词same的用法
在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，其前与定冠词the连用。
例句： Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (选自1996年Cloze Test)
例句： Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both areas suggest that Indians and their neighbors had maintained distant but real connections even before 1,500 BC.
分析： 该句是复合句，suggest是主句的谓语动词，that Indians and their neighbors...是一个宾语从句。
例句： In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization — with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed — was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. (2000年第74题)
分析： 该句是并列复合句，whereas连接两个并列分句，其中前一个分句的主句部分为the process of industrialization was spread over nearly a century，而介词短语with...为主语补足语，定语从句that followed修饰changes。
例句： All the information we have collected in relation to that case adds up to very little.
分析： 该句是复合句，其中主干部分是All the information...adds up to very little，we have collected in relation to that case 是修饰the information的定语从句。
译文： 我们搜集到的与那件事有关的所有信息都是没有意义的。
例句： All but he and I are going to attend the meeting.
译文： 除了我和他之外，所有人都去开会了。
3. both，all，every和not连用时表示部分否定。
例句：But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain” ) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. (选自2005年Text 3)
