例2. Television，it is often said，keeps one informed about current events，allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics，and offers an endless series of programmes which bare both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
分析：在此长句中，有一个插入语“it is often said”，三个并列的谓语结构，还有一个定语从句，这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子，但都有独立的意义，因此在翻译时，可以采用分句法，按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句，结果为：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以
看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
下面我们再举一个例子：
例3. All they have to do is press a button，and they can see plays，films，operas，and shows of every kind，not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)
例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century，because nowhere in nature is it found free，owing to its always being combined with other elements，most commonly with oxygen，for which it has a strong affinity.
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that，if students are not to waste their opportunities，there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroysthe old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor，the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation，a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world；they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds，if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it is even possibleto give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”，the time it will take to exhaust allknown sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)
分析：该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”，it为形式主语，that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to…结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time…是“expectationof life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构，表达了四个层次的意义：
例3. Prior to the twentieth century，women in novels were stereotypes of lacking anyfeatures that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictionsimposed by the male-dominated culture.
例4. This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations，and can beused to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is torust？” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season？”
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event；it grows as amature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama，the splendid achievements and terriblefailures；it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead，great and obscure，who once walked the earth，and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition byresenting and resisting it.
Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【解析】
从结构来看，该句because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport，来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves 指代名词短语mass migration movements。
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians， modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。在这里one 和物主代词及人称代词在指代名词方面有所不同， one 指代上文出现的名词的同类名词，其中，one 表示单数，ones表示复数；而物主代词及人称代词必须指代上文中出现的名词本身，所以单复数必须一致。比如这里若要用人称代词，则必须用they/them来指代上文中复数形式的definitions of history。
【真题例句1】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought， Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
【解析】Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语，表原因。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为"Whorf developed the idea"，Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语，表原因。That引导同位语从句进一步解释说明idea。
【真题例句2】The emphasis on data gathered first hand， combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to analysis of cultures past and present， makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
【解析】划线部分为过去分词作定语，句子的主干为"The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science."。介词结构on data作后置定语修饰限定emphasis，过去分词结构gathered…作后置定语修饰限定data，过去分词结构combined with…作定语修饰限定emphasis，过去分词结构brought to作后置定语修饰限定perspective。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
【解析】
可以拆分为：Behaviorists suggest //that the child //who is raised //in an environment// where there are many stimuli //which develop his or her capacity //for appropriate responses //will experience greater intellectual development.
本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...；that引导suggest的宾语从句，动词是will experience；who引导修饰child的定语从句，动词为is raised；where引导修饰environment的定语从句，动词为are；which引导修饰stimuli的定语从句，动词为develop。who引导的定语从句的翻译运用了"状译法"，翻译为"如果……那么……"；where引导的定语从句因比较短小而采取了前置法，放到了先行词environment的前面，翻译为"……的"；which引导的定语从句翻译为转折关系。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought， which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
【解析】
可以拆分为：The Greeks assumed //that the structure of language had some connection// with the process of thought， //which took root// in Europe //long before people realized //how diverse languages could be.
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness， but might possibly be injurious to the intellect， and more probably to the moral character.
have\ has +done(V. p.p.) have\has +been +done(V. p.p)
过去完成时
had +done(V. p.p.) Had +been +done(V. p.p.)
情态动词
情态动词+V.
情态动词+be +done(V. p.p.)
过去将来时
would/should +V. would/should be + done(V. p.p.)
翻译时有以下几种翻译方法：
①译成汉语被动句：使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
②增加主语，即动作的实际发出者，或虚拟发出者。
③译成汉语无主句
另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法，需要平时积累，比如：
It is hoped that... 希望……，有人希望……
It is assumed that... 假设……，假定……
It is claimed that... 据说……，有人主张……
It is believed that... 有人想信……，大家相信……
It is reported that... 据报道……，据通报……
It is considered that... 人们认为……，据估计……
It is said that... 据说……，有人说……
【考研试题例句】
It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
【解析】
It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined，be compared和be required，译成汉语都变成了主动表达："认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为：
(1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理，译为"很多人认为"。
(2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法，并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
(3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法，译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
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