例：Nicotine adversely affects the functioning of the heart and arteries.
尼古丁对心脏和动脉功能有负面影响。
effect n.结果、效力（词组：have an effect on/upon sth 对···产生影响）v.产生、导致
例：My parents’divorce had a big effect on me. 父母离婚给我带来了很大的影响。
to effect a compromise
达成妥协（注意：此时的effect为动词）
2. complement n.补足(物)；补足语 v. 补充；补全
例：There will be a written examination to complement the practical test.
会有一次书面考试来补充实践测试。
compliment n. 恭维话，赞辞，敬意
例：Your presence is a great compliment.
承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。
3. council 议事机构；委员会
例：a cabinet council内阁会议
counsel 商议，劝告
例：follow sb's counsel close牢记某人忠告。
4. distinctive (Something that is distinctive has a special quality or feature which makes it easily recognizable and different from other things of the same type.) 有特色的，独特的
例：distinctive features 与众不同的特色
distinct(If something is distinct from something else of the same type， it is different or separate from it. ) 有区别的；
（If an idea， thought， or intention is distinct， it is clear and definite. ）清楚的，明显的
例：Now that Tony was no longer present， there was a distinct change in her attitude.
6. historic (Something that is historic is important in history， or likely to be considered important at some time in the future.) 历史上著名的；具有历史意义的
例：the historic changes in Eastern Europe.
东欧有历史性意义的变化。
historical (Historical people， situations， or things existed in the past and are considered to be a part of history.) 历史上的
例：an important historical figure.
一位重要的历史人物。
7. illusion幻觉，错觉 be under no illusion about sth.对某事不存幻想。
delusion欺骗，迷惑 He suffers from the delusion that he's attractive to women.他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。
8. avert“防止，避免”。
avoid“回避，逃避”，avoid bad company避免和坏人来往；I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不见他。
9. coherence“统一，一致性”；
cohesion“结合力，团结”。the cohesion of molecules分子的结合力。
10. evoke“唤起，引起”；evoke admiration引起羡慕。
invoke“祈求(神灵)保佑，乞灵于”，行使(法权)；The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors. If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European Declaration on Human Rights.
11. impractical (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)“不切实际的，不现实的”。
impracticable (not able to be done or used)“不能实行的，行不通的”；
With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other， it is impracticable to widen the road.
12. adherence 粘附的，用于比喻的意思。例如：His adherence to the strict letter of the law.
adhesion 粘附的，是指物质上的
13.confident“深信，确信，自信”。
confidant“心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.
