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[经验交流] 考研作文常用的300个主题关键词

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发表于 2017-8-7 09:51:05 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
一 经济贸易类
1.改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries
2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises
  3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises
  4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive
  5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation
  6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises
  7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises
8. 合资企业 joint ventures
  9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity
  10.振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy
  11.实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system
  12.全面深化改革 deepen reform all round
  13.提高经济效益 improve economic results
  14.增进效益 increase economic returns
  15.宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management
  16. 经济实力 economic strength
  17. 经济转轨 economic transformation
  18. 经营机制 operative mechanism
  19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order
  20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism
  21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises
  22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment
  23. 房地产 real estate
  24. 经济特区 special economic zone
  25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities
  26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
  27. 投资热点 investment hot spot
  28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy
  29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance
  30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian
  31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities
  32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area
  33. 金融改革 banking system
  34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product
  35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project
  36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business
  37. 协调发展 coordinate the development
  38. 住房改革 housing reform
  39. 社会保障体系 social security system
  40. 数字时代 digital times
  41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway
  42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities
  43. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)
  44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products
  45. 市场萧条 slack market
  46. 中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign
  47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products
  48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities
  49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits
50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim
    51. 投诉 lodge complaint
  52. 贸易争端 trade disputes
  53. 乱收费 random charges
  54. 市场疲软 sluggish market
  55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance
  56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance
  57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy
  58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market
  59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO
  60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment
  61. 消费者协会 consumer’s association
  62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power
  63. 新兴市场 emerging market
  64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption
  65. 无形资产 intangible assets
  66. 有形资产 tangible assets
  67. 市场占有率 market share
  68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract
  69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy
  70. 品牌效应 brand effect
  71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises
  72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier
  73. 人才流失 brain drain
  74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain
  75. 企业文化 corporate culture
  76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation
  77. 扩大内需,刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption
  78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
  79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect
  80. 竞争优势 competitive edge
  81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring
  82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine
  83. 经济过热 overheated economy
  84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn
  85. 集约化经营 intensive management
  86. 灰色收入 gray income
  87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system
  88. 分期付款 installment payment
  89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
  90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house
  91. 边际效益 marginal benefit
  92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan
  93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing
  94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products
  95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
  96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy
  97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system
  98. 人才战 competition for talented people
  99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity
100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources

二 政治类

101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice
  102. 霸权主义 hegemonism
  103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life
  104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority
  105. 持续发展 sustainable development
  106. 重复建设 redundant project
  107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)
  108. 多极化 multi-polarization
  109. 科学技术是第一生产力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.
  110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization
  111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining
  112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
  113. 窗口行业 service trade
  114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness
  115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency
  116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them
  117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development
  118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project
  119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism
  120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating
  121. 强权外交 power diplomacy
  122. 人浮于事 overstaffing
  123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds
  124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence
  125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones
  126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority
  127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government
  128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy
  129. 三讲教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct
  130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project
  131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration
  132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept
  133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west
  134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth
  135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles
  136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism
  137. 拜金主义 money worship
  138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery
  139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door
  140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution
  141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law
  142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money
  143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.
  144. 权钱交易 trading power for money
  145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign
  146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds
  147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:”
  148. 两大主题 two principle themes
  149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position
150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress
  151. 与国际接轨 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms
  152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing
  153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology
  154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
  155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
  156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program
  157. 知识产权 intellectual property right
  158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength
  159. 最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living
  160. 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management
  161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times
  162. 闲置人员 idle hand
  163. 养老保险 endowment insurance
  164. 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction
  165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers
  166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values
  167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts
  168. 试点工程 pilot project
  169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government
170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership

三 教育与科学技术类

171. 科技含量 technology content
  172. 科教兴国 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation
  173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development
  174. 工业园区 industrial park
  175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
  176. 新兴学科 new branch of science
  177. 边缘学科 frontier science
  178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks
  179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses
  180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business
  181. 黑客 hacker
  182. 数字地球 digital globe
  183. 局域网 local area network
  184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence
  185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing
  186. 网络世界 cyber world
  187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime
  188. 信息高速公路 information highland
  189. 网民 netizen
  190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality
  191. 克隆 cloning
  192. 基因工程 genetic engineering
  193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food
  194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI
  195. 掌上电脑 palm computer
  196. 主页 home page
  197. 语音信箱 voice mail
  198. 网络经济 cyber-economy
  199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek
200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance
 201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
  202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology
  203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs
  204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student
  205. 委托培养 consign the training of personnel to a certain school
  206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching
  207. 启发式教学 heuristic education
  208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent
  209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense
  210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education
  211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people
  212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education
  213. 德智体美劳全面发展
  all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education
  214. 知识产权 intellectual property
  215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
  216. 硕博连读
  a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
  217. 双学位 double degree
  218. 双向选择 two-way selection
  219. 人才流失 brain drain
  220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament
  221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students
  222. 学术交流 academic exchanges
  223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research
  224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability
  225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree
  226. 文科生 students of liberal arts
  227. 理科生 students of science
  228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism
  229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students
  230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis
  231. 毕业设计 graduation project
  232. 义务教育 compulsory education
  233. 高等教育 higher education
  234. 选修课程 optional courses
  235. 主修课程 major courses
  236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas
  237. 德智体全面发展的学生
  students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically
  238. 教育部 Ministry of Education
  239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors
  240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values

四 文化社会生活类

 241. 彩票 lottery ticket
  242. 保健食品 health-care food
  243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart
  244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities
  245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers
  246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population
  247. 人口高峰 baby boom
  248. 人口负增长 negative population growth
  249. 流动人口 moving population
250. 收视率 viewing rate
    251. 售后服务 after-sale service
  252. 再就业工程 re-employment project
  253. 自由职业者 free lancer
  254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination
  255. 性价比 cost performance
  256. 水货 smuggled goods
  257. 水土流失 soil erosion
  258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration
  259. 跳槽 job-hopping
  260. 抢购 panic buying
  261. 甩卖 clearance sale
  262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement
  263. 让利 offer discounts
  264. 出国热 craze for going abroad
  265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system
  266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care
  267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)
  268. 黄昏恋 twilight love
  269. 贺岁片 New Year film
  270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference
  271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes
  272. 制造假钞 make the false notes
  273. 吸毒者 a drug addict
  274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes
  275.传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing
五 环境法律医疗类等

 276. 温室效应 green-house effect
  277. 沙漠化 desertification
  278. 过度放牧 overgrazing
  279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing
  280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting
  281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest
  282. 沙尘暴 sand storm
  283. 生态危机 ecological forest
  284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance
  285. 自然保护区 nature reserve
  286. 环境绿化 environmental greening
  287. 禽流感 bird flu
  288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE
  289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease
  290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  291. 偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud
  292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications
  293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign
  294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序
  a new and rational new international political and economic order
  295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes
  296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace
  297. 国际惯例 international common practice
  298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism
  299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism
300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern

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