2014广外MTI英语考研真题回忆

yuyiyang

翻译硕士英语

一、选择题30道

选择题的前面10道左右是选自小说里的话，大概是从里面抠出几个空让我们选择合适的词汇，大概记得主人公Tom和Isabella。总体感觉是看上去很难，好多不认识的词，但其实考的点很简单，看不懂整句话也能选出正确答案，比如考了too…to…、protest against/at、(the quietness) of this thing、just/barely…….

二、阅读4篇，其中10道选择题，5道需要自己组织句子回答的问题。

其中一篇阅读是专八真题:

Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travelers scratching their heads over what s going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there's no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, One world and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travelers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, One world and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.

But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let's just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago-just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground （rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew）and code-sharing-the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.

So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP（frequent flyer program）benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there's the promise of "seamless" travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janeiro, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific's director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. "It's fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We're working on this." Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: "Global travelers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries." Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.

Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programs. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. "I don't see much of a gain for consumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I'll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can't even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline."

Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.

The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveler you are.

Those who've already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you re a Marco Polo Club "gold" member of Cathay Pacific s Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of One world, of which Cathay Pacific is a member-even if you've never flown with them before.

For those who haven't made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline's Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25,000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member-All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways.

If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.

The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren't all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.

19. Which is the best word to describe air travelers’ reaction to airline alliances?

A) Delight.

B) Indifference.

C) Objection.

D) Puzzlement.

20.  According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit ______.

A) North American airlines and their domestic travelers

B) North American airlines and their foreign counterparts

C) Asian airlines and their foreign travelers

D) Asian airlines and their domestic travelers

21.  Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?

A) Baggage allowance.

B) Passenger comfort.

C) Convenience.

D) Quality

22.  One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be more expensive as a result of ______.

A) less convenience

B) higher operation costs

C) less competition

D) more joint marketing

23.  According to the passage, which of the following categories of travelers will gain most from airline alliances?

A) Travelers who fly frequently economy class.

B) Travelers who fly frequently business class.

C) Travelers who fly occasionally during holidays.

D) Travelers who fly economy class once in a while.

答案

短文大意：本文主要论述的是航空公司联合的利与弊。

19. 答案：D

【参考译文】下面哪一项最能描述乘客对航空联合的看法？

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】短文第一段开头提到航空联合时说：“Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over what’s going on in the skies.”这表明乘客非常疑惑，因为他们不知道航空公司到底发生了什么事。由此可直接选D“迷惑的”。

20. 答案：B

【参考译文】根据文章内容，谁是联合同盟成立后的主要受益者？

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】文章第二段表明，北美航空公司和亚洲航空公司都想向海外发展，如果联合就可以达到资源共享，以降低成本，提高利润。故选项B为正确答案。

21. 答案：A

【参考译文】下列哪一项不是航空联合所带来的益处？

【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。

【详细解答】文中第三段讲到，航空公司认为联合对乘客绝对有好处。实现全球服务网络，乘客不用再等上几个小时或担心自己的行李，休息室增大，提高了质量。因此可排除选项B，C和D。这里只有选项A“行李的最高限额(将增大)”没有提到，故为正确答案。

22. 答案：C

【参考译文】反对者预见联合的不利处可能是航空旅行更加昂贵，原因是什么？

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】短文第五段第二句说“Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight.”由此可见，联合将最终导致票价上涨，因为联合的两个公司将共享路线，载满乘客，而不是互相竞争，装载70%的乘客。故答案选C

23. 答案：B

【参考译文】根据文章内容，下列哪一类旅客将从航空联合中受益最多？

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】文章倒数第四段说，已在一个大航空公司获得FFP的顶级席位的人将受益最多。FFP指frequent flyer programme类的人。而能取得顶级席位的应该是坐商业舱的人，而不是坐经济舱的人。故选项B为正确答案。

第二篇阅读原文

IN THIS week’s issue, we have a piece looking at the dramatic wave of southern European migrants moving to Britain (mostly, in fact, to London). As recession bites at home, Britain’s Italian population, long fairly stable in size, is once again expanding. Young Spaniards are moving here in droves. But I thought it was worth drawing out one point in particular: immigration and Britain’s largely unregulated labour market go hand in hand.

People move to Britain for all sorts of reasons, and not all are straightforward. In the course of researching the piece, I spoke to a young Spanish girl who is moving to England because she thinks it will be easier to get an Australian visa from here; another couple, in their late 20s, who moved here because they wanted an adventure; and a young Italian fine arts graduate who came to England because he had heard about our free museums. Economic reasons are always an important draw, but rarely the most important one.

But when they get here, almost all immigrants have to find somewhere to live and somewhere to work. If they arrive without very much money, or without particularly good English skills, they need work fast—even if it barely pays. And there are lots of unscrupulous employers around who are prepared to offer it. For immigrants, there is plenty of work in hotels, in restaurants, in care homes, on construction sites, cleaning offices, delivering leaflets and much else—often at as little as ￡3 or ￡4 per hour, far below the legal minimum wage (now ￡6.31 per hour).

These sorts of jobs are never offered to natives, who might alert the authorities and would in any case turn their noses up at them. They rarely last long, as most migrants move onto better-paying legal jobs as soon as they can. But they are nonetheless extremely common, and for many young migrants, they provide a vital first step into British life. Arguably, they exist largely because the government does very little to enforce the minimum wage. Indeed, there wasn’t a single prosecution under minimum wage law until 2007—fully nine years after the law was introduced.

A fairly simple policy to reduce immigration then—and especially the sort of low-skilled European immigration that so worries politicians—would be to enforce labour market laws such that employers cannot get a competitive advantage by taking on immigrants at extremely low wages. There is a good reason why comparatively few Eastern European migrants have moved to Sweden and Denmark, and it is not just the weather. There, trade unions in effect control access to jobs, and so immigrants cannot compete by offering to work for less than the natives.

Union control of labour markets is not a solution for Britain. But cracking down on the informal economy may be. In his conference speech, Ed Miliband complained about “shady gangmasters exploiting people in industries from construction to food processing.” He promised to “strengthen” the minimum wage in government. He has not outlined how that would work, and perhaps it would require spending a fortune on apparatchiks to go around hounding businesses and workers—legitimate or not. But in theory at least, it makes a lot of sense. Britain needs immigrants, but it needs resourceful, well-prepared ones who will pay lots of taxes—not people who can only find work in irregular jobs. Perhaps rather than complaining about the huge numbers of Romanians and Bulgarians about to turn up in Britain, a few Conservative politicians might consider what draws them here too.

有一篇是讲一个医生杀死妻子的案件，以下是阅读原文：

A jury convicted a doctor of murder early Saturday in the death of his wife six years ago, bringing an end to a trial that became the nation's latest true-crime cable TV obsession with its tales of jailhouse snitches, forced plastic surgery, philandering and betrayal.

Martin MacNeill was accused of knocking out Michele MacNeill with drugs after cosmetic surgery, then leaving her to die in a tub like one that was displayed during the trial.

Prosecutors asserted that he may have held her underwater for good measure and that he did it to take up a new life with another woman.

Michele MacNeill's daughters and other relatives let out a loud yelp before dissolving in tears as the jury delivered its verdict to the tense, packed courtroom.

"We're just so happy he can't hurt anyone else," said Alexis Somers, one of his older daughters. "We miss our mom; we'll never see her again. But that courtroom was full of so many people who loved her."

Martin MacNeill, 57, showed little emotion when the verdict was read. He hugged his lawyer afterward and said, "It's OK."

He faces 15 years to life for first-degree murder when he is sentenced Jan. 7. He also was found guilty of obstruction of justice, which could add 1-15 years. MacNeill was led by deputies back to Utah County jail.

Randy Spencer, one of his lawyers, said he was disappointed before declining further comment.

The chief prosecutor, Chad Grunander, said the largely circumstantial case was the most difficult he ever brought to trial and that many prosecutors wouldn't bother trying, especially with medical examiners unable to produce a finding of homicide.

"It was an almost perfect murder," Grunander said in his closing argument, asserting MacNeill "pumped her full of drugs" that he knew would be difficult to detect once she was dead.

An early mistress of MacNeill's testified he once confided he could induce a heart attack in someone that would appear natural.

After deliberating for 11 hours, the jury issued its guilty verdict to murder and obstruction of justice shortly after 1 a.m. Saturday.

The case shocked the Mormon community of Pleasant Grove, 35 miles south of Salt Lake City, and captured national attention because the defendant was a wealthy doctor and a lawyer, a father of eight in a picture-perfect family and former bishop in his local congregation of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Defense lawyers contend Michele MacNeill died of natural causes. They believe she had a heart attack and fell headfirst into the tub and noted the autopsy showed she had an enlarged heart, a narrowing of the heart arteries and liver and kidney deterioration.

"There's simply no proof" of homicide, Spencer said. "The prosecution has presented to you their cherry-picked portion of the evidence."

He called the testimony of a handful of prison inmates angling for early release doubtful. The men who spent time behind bars with the doctor testified he had acknowledged killing his wife - or suggested that investigators could never prove he did it.

Their testimony was the only direct evidence of murder, Grunander said. MacNeill lawyers argued he would never admit murder to strangers in prison.

MacNeill was medical director of the Utah State Development Center, a residential center for people with cognitive disorders, who moonlighted in other medical jobs, once consulting for a laser hair removal clinic. He had a law degree but wasn't known to practice law and has since surrendered his law and medical licenses.

The highlight of the three-week trial was a mistress who MacNeill introduced as a nanny within weeks of his wife's death. His older daughters quickly recognized Gypsy Willis as his secret lover and said her mother had been arguing with her husband over the affair.

The daughters went to work uncovering what they call their father's secret life. They abandoned him while dogging authorities to open a murder investigation. It wasn't until MacNeill's release in July 2012 from a federal prison in Texas on charges of fraud that Utah prosecutors moved to file charges of murder and obstruction of justice.

Willis also served a federal sentence for using the identity of one of MacNeill's adopted daughters to escape a debt-heavy history. That daughter had been sent back to Ukraine, supposedly only for a summer.

For a time, MacNeill's only family defender was his only son. Damian, a 24-year-old law student, committed suicide in January 2010, according to his sisters, who have said he was haunted by their mother's death.

Prosecutors said MacNeill might have gotten away with a perfect murder, but his erratic behavior the day of his wife's death and shortly afterward was "dripping with motive."

They reminded jurors about testimony that MacNeill stood in the bathroom yelling what prosecutors called phony grief, "Why did you do this? All because of a stupid surgery," as paramedics tried to revive his wife.

Family testimony suggested it was MacNeill who insisted his 50-year-old wife, a former local beauty queen in her California hometown, get the surgery. Prosecutors said he used it as an excuse to mix painkillers, Valium and sleeping pills for her supposed recovery.

第一问是paraphrase” bringing an end to a trial that became the nation's latest true-crime cable TV obsession”

第二问是What did “who moonlighted in other medical jobs, once consulting for a laser hair removal clinic”imply ?

三、作文：curb the use of cars，即你对车辆限行的看法，要拟标题，400词

英语翻译基础

一、短语翻译（参照隔壁贴）

1，十八届三中全会   

2，国家民族事务委员会
3，中国地震局   

4，主管部门   

5，玩忽职守

6，徇私舞弊  

7，以……为把手   

8，国际会议口译员协会
9，绿化覆盖面积  

10，行政问责制   

11，暂行规定

12，一站式服务   

13，国际惯例   

14，得寸进尺   

15，《西厢记》

16，National Council for US-China Trade

17，Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development
18，The Baltimore Sun              

19，court of first instance
20，underwriting contract         

21，licensee of  a patent
22，China-EU maritime transport agreement
23，venture capital                     

24，The Great Depression
25，strategic agility                  

26，occupational health and safety
27，low-end processing              

28，information asymmetry
29，diamonds cut diamonds      

30，The Catcher in the Rye

二、英译中

关于秘鲁前副总统劳尔·迭斯·坎塞科的一篇简介，难度不大但是篇幅较长，人名和学校名都给出了注释。这里要注意：今年中英和英中的文章都增加了长度！完全没有时间打草稿！长度参照二笔真题。

三、中译英

是翻译《天衢丹阙：老北京风物图卷》的序言，以下是部分真题内容：

画家刘洪宽先生怀着对老北京的深厚情感和对古都的热爱，花甲之年，创作了这幅50余米的国画长卷《老北京风物图卷》。他凭借儿时记忆，实地写生和查阅历史资料，由南到北，再现了老北京中轴线上的人情风物，历经五年心血筑成，令人敬服。他笔下的老北京古韵犹存，街道商铺、行人市景与老城门城墙交相辉映，这可谓现代版的《清明上河图》，呈现了一幅美丽的可以“触摸历史”的宏大画卷。

画家作者知我60多年来，一直为古都的保护奔走于占城内外、大街小巷和中轴线上，与古都结下了深厚的情缘，特嘱我为序。于是写了几句知语感言，权以充之，并借以为画卷出版之祝贺。至于画中的精美图景和丰富的文化内涵，还请高明观者自己去观赏和评说，在此不作多赘。

百科知识与写作

一、名词解释（参照隔壁贴）

银监会

行政许可

独立董事

核心资本

结汇

十八届三中全会

改革红利

生态文明

小康社会

中等收入陷阱：所谓的“中等收入陷阱”是指当一个国家的人均收入达到中等水平后，由于不能顺利实现经济发展方式的转变，导致经济增长动力不足，最终出现经济停滞的一种状态。

君主立宪制（Constitutional monarchy）：亦即“民主式君主制”或“共和式君主制”，是相对于共和政体。其特点是国家元首是一位君主（皇帝、国王、大公等等，教皇有时也被看做是一个君主）。与其他国家元首不同的是，一般君主是终身制的，君主的地位从定义上就已经高于国家的其他公民（这是君主与一些其他元首如独裁者的一个区别，一般独裁者将自己定义为公民的一员，但出于客观需要他必须掌权为国家服务），往往君主属于一个特别的阶层（贵族），此外世袭制也往往是君主的一个特点（不过在这一点上也有例外）。

《自由大宪章》：英国封建专制时期宪法性文件之一。习称《大宪章》。1215年6月15日，英国贵族胁迫约翰王在兰尼米德草原签署的文件。文件共63条，用拉丁文写成。多数条款维护贵族和教士的权利。

明治维新

洋务运动

张之洞

事业单位

计划经济

养老金

绩效工资

去行政化

二、应用文写作

以下是与原题相近的报道，不是原题。要求根据材料为广州地铁总公司写一份通报，解答公众的疑问，通报地铁多次故障的原因。没有要求字数。

近一个月来，广州地铁发生至少10起故障。本月19日，广州市政协委员韩志鹏在微博上追问此事，引起舆论关注。

  昨日凌晨4时25分，广州地铁公司在官方微博上公布对近期地铁故障情况的分析说明，称原因包括检查不到位、集中偶发故障出现以及部分设备接近寿命。广州地铁方面坦承，最近一个月可以算是“广州地铁线网有史以来故障最频密时段之一”。

根据广州地铁公布的分析说明，

2月15日一号线广州东站折返线道岔转辙机连接部件断裂，故障发生前设备已有轻微裂痕，但之前检查过程未被及时发现；

    1月28日三号线信号中央馈电设备至轨旁环线通信干扰、导致该区域列车出现信号故障，2月4日二号线列车继电器故障，2月15日八号线道岔钩锁故障导致不能解锁，2月18日，八号线道岔转辙机速动开关组节点故障等。
    1月22日一号线信号60V电源模块短路导致电压检测开关保护跳闸，造成系统失电；1月29日一号线通信传输系统供电的不间断电源输出空气开关故障。均为故障设备已接近使用期限，性能不稳定所致。
   广州地铁表示，对于工作疏忽造成的故障，将进一步完善检测手段，根据规章制度对相关人员进行处理；对接近使用寿命的设备，将加大维保力度，并对此类设备部件逐批更换；还将提升检修标准，缩短检修周期，加强质量监控，以应对偶发故障。  
   沟通会拒绝向媒体公开？
    韩志鹏前晚还在微博中透露，地铁公司已在要求他勿带媒体前往(沟通现场)。“公众还有无知情权？”
    对此广州地铁表示，他们原计划请总经理丁建隆与韩志鹏面对面交流，并带韩志鹏进入线路工作现场参观并说明。由于进入正在运营中的线路需要做好安全防护措施，且线路可以容纳进入参观的人数有限，无法在接待韩志鹏的同时接待其他媒体。“我们曾建议可以在沟通后接受媒体采访，还计划在昨日下午向媒体主动发布相关信息，不是不愿接受媒体监督。”在韩志鹏取消沟通后，广州地铁表示欢迎他随时前去了解情况。
    但韩志鹏表示，地铁公司与他商量的沟通议程中，除了线路参观外还有座谈部分，这部分媒体可以前往参与。韩志鹏透露，自己当时曾建议地铁公司公开面对媒体，但相关人员表示最近压力大，不希望媒体前来。
  回顾
    近一月内十次故障
    2月18日 八号线凤凰新村站出现道岔故障。
    2月17日 三号线往番禺广场方向列车在五山站出现车辆制动故障。
    2月15日 八号线凤凰新村站出现道岔故障。
    2月15日 一号线广州东站发生道岔故障。

          2月4日 二号线往嘉禾方向列车在萧岗发生故障。

    1月30日 三号线往天河客运站方向列车车门故障。
    1月29日 一号线出现信号故障。

1月28日 三号线机场南~高增区间出现信号故障。

1月22日 一号线往西朗方向列车在体育西路出站后自动停车。

1月22日 一号线公园前发生信号故障。

三、大作文

给了大段关于“灵魂”的材料，列出了不同人对灵魂的不同理解，要求依据材料写一篇文章，不少于800字。