广东外语外贸大学英语学硕MA考研题型分析，内附典型例题+答案解析

sunshine

英语MA包含了两门专业课（ 623 英语水平考试+801 英语写作与翻译）

623 英语水平考试包含的题型是完形填空+短文改错+ 词汇辨析+阅读理解。801 英语写作与翻译包含的题型是中译英+英译中+ summary+写作。今天着重讲解623的完形填空+801的Summary。

623 英语水平考试

学姐说

做cloze不能只凭感觉做题。错误的做题程序：按照题目顺序，边读边做。

1）正确的做题程序：

Step1、通读全文，了解这篇文章在说什么主题，脑海中形成画面感。

Step 2、标出所给单词的词性，若有的单词有多种词性，也要标注出来，比如说“type”,它可以做名词，意为“类型”，也可以做动词，意为“打字”

Step 3、把所给介词单独列出来。理由是：介词往往有固定搭配，容易选出来。

Step4、正式做题时，一旦确定了一个空，就立刻把对应的单词划掉，避免影响接下来的判断。

Step5、做完之后，再重头读一遍。（精细地读，检查是否有遗漏的空）

2）做cloze的总体规则：通过已有的信息去发掘未知的信息；通过对已知信息归类、分析、最后总结出最有关联的信息。

3）cloze上下段，上下句之间的逻辑关系归纳如下：

a) 并列：标志词：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally；并列这种逻辑关系在cloze中更多的表现为不转折的意思。

b) 转折：标志词：but; however; on the contrary; by contrast; on the other hand; unfortunately; nevertheless；

c) 递进：标志词：then; besides; in addition to; additionally; further more; what is more; moreover；

d) 因果：标志词：because; for; since: now that; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; accordingly；

e) 让步：标志词：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of；

举例

The earliest schemes for financial support in old age were pegged to life expectancy.

In 1881 Otto von Bismarck, the 1._____minister president of Prussia, presented a radical idea to the Reichstag: government-run financial support for older members of society. In other words, 2._____. The idea was radical because back then, people simply did not 3._____. If you were alive, you worked—probably on a farm—or, if you were wealthier, managed a farm or larger 4._____.

However, von Bismarck was 5._____pressure, from socialist 6._____, to do better by the people in his country, and so he 7._____ to the Reichstag that “those who are disabled from work by age and 8._____have a 9._____ claim to care from the state.” It would take eight years, but by the end of the decade, the German government would create a retirement system, which 10._____for citizens over the age of 70—if they lived that 11.__________. This was a big “if,” at the time. That retirement age just about aligned with life expectancy in Germany then. Even with retirement, most people still worked until they 12._____.There were 13._____though. Military pensions had long been given to soldiers who had 14.     their lives (though those pensions didn’t 15.     mean they could stop working altogether). In the United States, 16._____in the mid-1800s, certain municipal 17.___--firefighters, cops, teachers,mostly in big cities-started18.___public pensions, too, and in 1875, the American Express Company started 19.     private pensions. By the 1920s, a variety of American industries, from railroads to oil to banking, were promising their workers some sort of support for their 20._____years.

Most of these pension programs 21._____the retirement age to 65. This mark had less to do with health and more with economics—workers could keep on trucking for years, and “old age” didn’t necessarily mean 22._____health. (There was some research, however, that 23._____a decline in mental capabilities starting around age 60. Conventional wisdom held, too, that by 60 a man had 24._____done his best work and should give way to the next generation.) When the federal government started creating 25._____would become social security, some of the policies suggested would have had workers off the 26.____at 60, or even earlier. The economics of that didn’t quite work, though, and so when the Social Security Act was passed in 1935, the official retirement age was 65. Life expectancy for American men was around 58 at the time.

Almost immediately after that, though, that balance changed. The Depression ended, and wealth and better medicine meant that in the post-war 27._____, Americans started to live longer. By 1960, life expectancy in America was almost 70 years. All of a sudden more people were living past the age where they had 28._____to stop working and the money to do it. Finally, they began to retire in large 29._____—to stop working, to embrace 30._____, to golf. For a few decades, older Americans lived without working, enough that we’ve come to expect that we should be able to retire, even if that may no longer be financially possible for many.

答案

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1.conservative  2.retirement  3.retire  4.estate  5.under  6.opponents  7.argued

8.invalidity   9.well-grounded  10.provided   11.long  12.died  13.exceptions

14.risked  15.necessarily  6.starting   17.employees   18.receiving  19.offering

20.later   21.pegged   22.bad   23.documented   24.certainly   25.what

26.clock  27.boom   28.permission   29.numbers   30.leisure

801 英语写作与翻译

学姐说

① 动笔之前，一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。

② 摘要的长度一般是原文的三分之一或四分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。

③ 在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文，而是在原文内容和信息的基础上的提炼和升华。

④ 摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，既不可篡改原文内容也不能包括原文未涉及到的内容，更不能主观地把自己的想法写进概要，因此不能出现“I believe”，“I think”和“I see”等字句。

⑤ 重点反映主要观点，删除细节。但是要求简洁并不意味着可以随意删除原文中的要点，也不意味着可以破坏概要的连贯，使意义表达模糊不清。

⑥ 简化内容，使用简单易懂的词语代替抽象高级的词语，尽可能将从句简化，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。一般会删除直接引语的对话，如需保留涉及情节发展的对话，则要把对话变成间接引语。

⑦ 写概要时还要注意时态和人称。在大多数情况下，原文用什么时态，我们就用什么时态。较为正式的概要应该使用第三人称来写。

⑧检查与修改时，重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。

练习

Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.

（一）

We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled（复杂） and evasive（逃避） attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy（粗俗）, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.

答案

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People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when millions upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death. (84 words).