19考研英语阅读新题型：段落排序题解题步骤及技巧

广外考研人

    考研英语阅读按照出题的类型，我们大致可以分为以下几大类：小标题、多项对应题、细节题、推理题、主旨题、态度题、词汇题、例证题、段落排序题、完型填句题等，掌握了这几种类型题目的解题方法技巧，相信阅读在提分上会有很大的进步，下面考研君和大家一起看看段落排序题解题步骤及技巧：

段落排序题解题步骤及技巧

    排序题仍然是今年的备考重点，全部做对该题目的可能性微乎其微，所以就需要讲究方法，在考场上多快好省的拿到6～8分。拿分要领为：答对首段(如果没有给)和第二段，以及已知段后面的一段，即对2-3个，剩下的，不要做了，直接选一个肯定入选但不确定排哪里的答案。

【解题步骤】

1.阅读已经固定的段落

如果固定段落是首末段，那么通过阅读首末段就可以得知整个文章的主旨大意，还要注意将已经确定的两个选项从卷子上划去，防止引起不必要的混乱;如果是首段+中间段，那也可以知道大意和文章部分内容信息。但是，如果首段没有要先选出首段。

2.如何选首段 首段的特点

1)首句不含有代词，不含有总结性、过渡性词(转折、因果、顺延等)

2)一般不含有最高级、第一或最后意思的词语，因为首段没有比较的对象。

3.阅读选项，尤其是首尾句

给段落作初步的位置预知和组块 考生做不到一次性排出来，能排出来的就排，一时定不了的，做如下工作：

1)位置预知：含so, conclude等表示结束的词，可能作为尾段。但是也要警惕未必，总之还是要综合看。

2)组块：有些段一看就觉得应该一个前一个后，比如A段末提到... there are two branches.F段末提到了，the first one is...。那么A和F就属于明显的总分关系，应该前后连贯。

例如2010年的E段末出现了

[E]... at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.而A段开头则是

[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about...

所以明显的顺序是E >A。

3)精确排列各个段落的顺序，利用其它关联词进行验证。

【例题】2014年

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable - for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.

[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.

[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans's interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.

【解题步骤】

1.精读首段：

本题没有给出首段，需要考生先判断。具体方法要根据下步每段开头的关键词而定。

2.通读段首尾，模块组合+位置预知。

根据上述的八大方法，找出各个段落段首/尾的关联词，具体分布为：

[A] Some archaeological sites

[B] In another case(明显代词+名词)

[C] How.....?

[D] ... in one case

[E] ...find their sites....

[F] most archaeological sites, however

根据如上的关键词，考生首先能判断出来的是D和B的关系，根据代词应该是D>B。根据题干的矩阵41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. → 45.

D>B肯定不能让在41或者42，肯定是43，44,45中的两个。因此首段的可能性只能是C和G中的一个。而C句首又是明显的用特殊疑问句提出问题，符合首段的特点。

D和B的特点是one和another的代词关系发生连贯。类似的连贯词还有one-the other,其复数形式是some - others，同样some和others会有些类似的同义词替换。根据这个原理，A和F也是前后关联A>F。因此42选F。

最后三个空。E的开头提到了on systematic survey，各种研究调查。E的段落也提到了Aerial surveys(航空研究，空中研究)而G的开头则提到了ground survey(地面研究)，正好是总分关系，所以顺序为E>G。因为43-45是GDB。所以答案为CFGDB

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